Normally, urine contains very little protein.

Protein electrophoresis separates proteins based on their electrical charge and size, allowing identification of abnormal protein patterns.

Clinical uses include:

Detecting proteinuria and characterizing the type of protein loss.

Diagnosing multiple myeloma and related plasma cell disorders (by detecting Bence-Jones proteins).

Evaluating renal disease (glomerular vs tubular protein loss).

Monitoring treatment response in patients with kidney or hematologic disorders.

The test requires collecting all urine passed in 24 hours in a special container.

Analyte: Types and amounts of proteins in 24-hour urine.

Normal Result: Minimal protein, no abnormal bands.

Abnormal Result:

Monoclonal proteins (M-protein/Bence-Jones protein): Suggests multiple myeloma or related disorders.

Albuminuria: Indicates glomerular damage.

Tubular proteins: Suggest tubular dysfunction.

Clinical Use:

Differentiates causes of proteinuria.

Detects abnormal monoclonal proteins in plasma cell disorders.

Provides supportive information for diagnosis and monitoring of renal and hematologic diseases.