AFP is a protein normally produced by the fetal liver, yolk sac, and gastrointestinal tract.

In adults, elevated AFP levels may indicate liver disease or cancer.

Clinical uses include:

Screening and monitoring for liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma).

Detecting germ cell tumors (testicular or ovarian).

Monitoring chronic liver diseases such as hepatitis or cirrhosis.

In pregnancy, AFP is measured as part of maternal serum screening to detect fetal abnormalities (e.g., neural tube defects).

The test is performed using a blood sample.

Analyte: Alpha-Fetoprotein concentration in serum.

Normal Range (approximate, varies by lab):

Adults: < 10 ng/mL

Pregnancy: Levels vary by gestational age.

Abnormal Findings:

High AFP in adults: Suggests liver cancer, germ cell tumors, or chronic liver disease.

Low or abnormal AFP in pregnancy: May indicate chromosomal abnormalities (e.g., Down syndrome).

Clinical Use:

Provides a tumor marker for liver and germ cell cancers.

Helps monitor treatment response and recurrence.

Supports prenatal screening for fetal development issues.