A biopsy is the removal of tissue for microscopic examination.

A medium specimen biopsy provides sufficient tissue to evaluate cellular and structural changes, while minimizing invasiveness compared to large biopsies.

Clinical uses include:

Diagnosing suspected malignancies.

Differentiating benign vs. malignant lesions.

Evaluating chronic inflammatory or autoimmune conditions.

Assessing organ-specific pathology (liver, kidney, lung, gastrointestinal tract, etc.).

The specimen is processed by histopathology, often with special stains or immunohistochemistry for deeper analysis

Analyte: Medium-sized tissue specimen (adequate for detailed histological evaluation).

Normal Result: Normal tissue architecture without evidence of malignancy or disease.

Abnormal Findings:

Malignant cells: Confirms cancer diagnosis.

Inflammatory changes: Suggests infection, autoimmune disease, or chronic inflammation.

Degenerative changes: Indicates organ-specific pathology.

Clinical Use:

Provides a definitive diagnosis in suspected cancer cases.

Helps determine tumor grade, stage, and margins.

Guides surgical and medical management.