Blood pressure (BP) is expressed as two values:

Systolic pressure: The pressure when the heart contracts.

Diastolic pressure: The pressure when the heart relaxes.

Clinical uses include:

Detecting hypertension (high BP).

Identifying hypotension (low BP).

Monitoring patients with cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, or diabetes.

Assessing risk for stroke, heart attack, and organ damage.

The test is performed using a sphygmomanometer or automated BP monitor.

Analyte: Arterial blood pressure (systolic/diastolic).

Normal Range:

Systolic: < 120 mmHg

Diastolic: < 80 mmHg

Elevated / Abnormal Levels:

Hypertension Stage 1: 130–139 / 80–89 mmHg

Hypertension Stage 2: ≥ 140 / ≥ 90 mmHg

Hypotension: < 90 / < 60 mmHg

Clinical Use:

Detects abnormal blood pressure levels.

Monitors treatment effectiveness in hypertensive patients.

Guides lifestyle and medication decisions.