CSF cytology involves microscopic examination of cells in cerebrospinal fluid obtained via lumbar puncture.

It is particularly valuable in detecting malignant cells that have spread to the CNS (leptomeningeal metastasis).

Clinical uses include:

Diagnosing meningeal carcinomatosis (spread of cancer to meninges).

Detecting primary CNS tumors or secondary metastases.

Identifying inflammatory or infectious conditions (e.g., meningitis, encephalitis).

Supporting diagnosis of autoimmune neurological disorders.

Often performed alongside CSF biochemical and microbiological analysis for comprehensive evaluation.

Analyte: Cellular composition of cerebrospinal fluid.

Normal Findings: Few/no cells, occasional lymphocytes.

Abnormal Findings:

Malignant cells: Suggest leptomeningeal metastasis or CNS tumor.

Increased WBCs: Indicates infection or inflammation.

Atypical cells: May suggest autoimmune or demyelinating disease.

Clinical Use:

Provides a direct cytological assessment of CNS pathology.

Helps differentiate between infectious, inflammatory, and malignant causes of neurological symptoms.

Guides further diagnostic and therapeutic decisions.