This panel combines four important blood tests:

Hemoglobin (HB): Measures oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells.

Total Count (TC): Measures the total number of white blood cells (WBCs).

Differential Count (DC): Breaks down WBCs into subtypes (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils).

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR): Measures how quickly red blood cells settle, indicating inflammation.

Together, these tests provide a comprehensive picture of blood health.

Clinical uses include:

Detecting anemia and its severity.

Identifying infections (bacterial, viral, parasitic).

Monitoring immune system function.

Detecting inflammatory or autoimmune conditions.

The panel is often ordered during routine checkups, pre-surgical evaluations, or when patients present with fever, fatigue, or unexplained illness.

Hemoglobin (HB):

Normal Range: Men 13.5–17.5 g/dL, Women 12–15.5 g/dL.

Low → Anemia, blood loss, nutritional deficiency.

High → Dehydration, polycythemia, lung disease.

Total Count (TC):

Normal Range: 4,000–11,000 WBCs/µL.

High → Infection, inflammation, leukemia.

Low → Bone marrow suppression, viral infections.

Differential Count (DC):

Neutrophils: 40–70%

Lymphocytes: 20–40%

Monocytes: 2–10%

Eosinophils: 1–6%

Basophils: <1%

Abnormal distribution helps differentiate bacterial vs viral infections, allergies, or blood cancers.

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR):

Normal Range: Men 0–15 mm/hr, Women 0–20 mm/hr.

High → Inflammation, autoimmune disease, infection, cancer.

Low → Rare, may occur in polycythemia or sickle cell disease.