Immunoglobulin M (IgM):

First antibody produced during an infection.

Indicates recent or acute infection.

Immunoglobulin G (IgG):

Appears later and persists long‑term.

Indicates past infection or immunity (natural or vaccine‑induced).

Clinical uses include:

Differentiating between acute and past infections.

Supporting diagnosis of viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases (e.g., Hepatitis, Dengue, Herpes, COVID‑19).

Evaluating immune response after vaccination.

Often performed as part of serological panels for infectious disease screening.

Analyte: IgG and IgM antibodies in serum/plasma.

Normal Result: Negative for both IgG and IgM.

Abnormal Findings:

Positive IgM: Indicates recent or active infection.

Positive IgG: Indicates past exposure or immunity.

Both positive: Suggests ongoing infection with prior exposure.

Clinical Use:

Provides a serological marker for infection status.

Helps guide treatment decisions and patient counseling.

Supports screening in pregnancy and transfusion medicine.