Principle: KOH dissolves keratin and cellular debris, leaving fungal elements (hyphae, spores, yeast cells) visible under the microscope.

Sample Types: Skin scrapings, nail clippings, hair, vaginal secretions, sputum.

Clinical Uses:

Rapid diagnosis of dermatophytosis (ringworm, athlete’s foot, nail fungus).

Detecting Candida infections in mucosal samples.

Identifying fungal elements in respiratory or genital specimens.

Advantages: Quick, inexpensive, and widely available.

Limitations:

Sensitivity depends on sample quality.

Negative results do not exclude fungal infection; culture or PCR may be required.

Analyte: Presence of fungal elements (hyphae, spores, yeast cells).

Normal Result: No fungal elements seen.

Abnormal Findings:

Positive KOH Mount: Hyphae, budding yeast, or spores visible under microscope.

Clinical Use:

Provides a rapid screening tool for superficial fungal infections.

Helps guide antifungal therapy decisions.

Supports dermatology, gynecology, and respiratory medicine in suspected fungal cases.