The liver plays a vital role in metabolism, detoxification, and protein synthesis.

LFTs measure enzymes, proteins, and substances produced or processed by the liver.

Clinical uses include:

Diagnosing liver diseases (hepatitis, cirrhosis, fatty liver, drug-induced injury).

Monitoring liver function in patients on hepatotoxic drugs.

Evaluating jaundice and unexplained fatigue or abdominal pain.

Assessing alcohol-related liver damage.

The test is performed using a blood sample.

Analytes in LFT Panel:

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT/SGPT): Marker of liver cell injury.

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST/SGOT): Enzyme elevated in liver and muscle damage.

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP): Elevated in bile duct obstruction or bone disease.

Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT): Sensitive marker for alcohol-related or drug-induced liver injury.

Total & Direct Bilirubin: Elevated in jaundice, hemolysis, or bile duct obstruction.

Albumin & Total Protein: Reflect liver’s synthetic function.

Prothrombin Time (sometimes included): Indicates clotting factor synthesis by liver.

Normal Ranges (approximate, vary by lab):

ALT: 7 – 56 U/L

AST: 10 – 40 U/L

ALP: 44 – 147 U/L

Bilirubin (Total): 0.3 – 1.2 mg/dL

Albumin: 3.5 – 5.0 g/dL

Abnormal Findings:

Elevated enzymes: Suggest liver injury, hepatitis, or obstruction.

Low albumin/prolonged clotting time: Suggest impaired liver synthetic function.

Clinical Use:

Provides a comprehensive picture of liver health.

Helps differentiate hepatocellular vs. cholestatic disease.

Guides treatment and monitoring in chronic liver conditions.