Pericardial fluid surrounds the heart within the pericardial sac.

Cytological examination helps identify the cause of pericardial effusion.

Clinical uses include:

Detecting malignant cells (e.g., metastatic carcinoma, lymphoma).

Identifying infectious causes (bacterial, viral, or tuberculosis).

Assessing inflammatory or autoimmune conditions.

Differentiating between benign and malignant effusions.

Often performed alongside biochemical, microbiological, and histopathological tests for a complete evaluation

Analyte: Cellular components of pericardial fluid.

Normal Result: No malignant or abnormal cells detected.

Abnormal Findings:

Malignant cells: Suggests metastatic spread to pericardium.

Reactive mesothelial cells: Seen in inflammation or infection.

Infectious organisms: May indicate bacterial or tuberculous pericarditis.

Clinical Use:

Provides a diagnostic tool for pericardial effusion etiology.

Helps guide oncology, cardiology, and infectious disease management.

Supports early detection of malignant pericardial involvement.