Semen analysis is the cornerstone test for evaluating male fertility.

It examines multiple parameters of sperm and seminal fluid to determine reproductive potential.

Clinical uses include:

Assessing male infertility.

Monitoring sperm quality after vasectomy or fertility treatment.

Detecting infections or abnormalities in seminal fluid.

Supporting diagnosis of hormonal or testicular dysfunction.

Often performed alongside hormone tests (FSH, LH, testosterone) and imaging for a complete evaluation.

Analytes & Parameters:

Volume: Normal ≥ 1.5 mL

pH: Normal 7.2–8.0

Sperm concentration: Normal ≥ 15 million/mL

Motility: ≥ 40% motile sperm (progressive + non‑progressive)

Morphology: ≥ 4% normal forms (WHO criteria)

Vitality: ≥ 58% live sperm

Other findings: Presence of WBCs, agglutination, or abnormal cells

Normal Result: Values within WHO reference ranges.

Abnormal Findings:

Oligozoospermia: Low sperm count

Asthenozoospermia: Poor motility

Teratozoospermia: Abnormal morphology

Azoospermia: No sperm present

Clinical Use:

Provides a comprehensive evaluation of male fertility potential.

Helps guide infertility treatment and assisted reproductive techniques (ART).

Supports urology and endocrinology assessments.