Globulins are a group of proteins in blood plasma that play roles in immune defense, transport, and clotting.

They include alpha, beta, and gamma globulins, with gamma globulins being antibodies.

Clinical uses include:

Assessing immune system function.

Evaluating liver disease and protein metabolism disorders.

Detecting chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, or cancers (e.g., multiple myeloma).

Interpreting results alongside albumin to calculate the albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio.

The test is performed using a blood sample, often as part of a liver function or protein panel.

Analyte: Serum globulin concentration.

Normal Range: ~2.0 – 3.5 g/dL (varies slightly by lab).

Abnormal Findings:

High globulin: May indicate chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, liver disease, or plasma cell disorders.

Low globulin: May suggest liver dysfunction, kidney disease (protein loss), or immune deficiency.

Clinical Use:

Provides insight into immune and liver health.

Helps differentiate causes of abnormal protein levels.

Supports diagnosis and monitoring in chronic and systemic conditions.