Phosphorus (phosphate) is a vital mineral involved in bone formation, energy production (ATP), and acid‑base balance.

Levels are regulated by the kidneys, parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, and dietary intake.

Clinical uses include:

Assessing renal function (especially in chronic kidney disease).

Evaluating parathyroid disorders (hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism).

Monitoring bone metabolism and conditions like osteoporosis or rickets.

Detecting metabolic or nutritional imbalances.

Often performed alongside calcium, PTH, and vitamin D tests for a complete metabolic profile.

Analyte: Serum Phosphate (mg/dL).

Normal Range (varies by lab): ~2.5–4.5 mg/dL.

Abnormal Findings:

High phosphorus (hyperphosphatemia): Chronic kidney disease, hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D excess, tumor lysis syndrome.

Low phosphorus (hypophosphatemia): Hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, malnutrition, alcoholism, diabetic ketoacidosis.

Clinical Use:

Provides a marker of kidney and parathyroid function.

Helps guide management of metabolic bone disease.

Supports endocrine and nephrology evaluations.