Potassium is a vital electrolyte that regulates nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and heart rhythm.

It is mainly stored inside cells, with small amounts circulating in blood.

Clinical uses include:

Diagnosing electrolyte imbalances.

Monitoring patients with kidney disease, heart disease, or metabolic disorders.

Evaluating causes of arrhythmias, muscle weakness, or paralysis.

Assessing patients on diuretics, ACE inhibitors, or other medications affecting potassium levels.

The test is performed using a blood sample, often as part of an electrolyte panel.

Analyte: Serum potassium concentration.

Normal Range: ~3.5 – 5.0 mmol/L (varies slightly by lab).

Abnormal Findings:

High potassium (hyperkalemia): May indicate kidney failure, metabolic acidosis, adrenal insufficiency, or excessive potassium intake.

Low potassium (hypokalemia): May indicate diuretic use, vomiting, diarrhea, malnutrition, or endocrine disorders.

Clinical Use:

Provides insight into electrolyte and cardiac status.

Helps differentiate causes of abnormal muscle and nerve function.

Guides treatment in renal, metabolic, and critical care conditions.