Electrophoresis separates urinary proteins based on their electrical charge and size.

Helps distinguish between glomerular proteinuria, tubular proteinuria, and overflow proteinuria.

Clinical uses include:

Detecting Bence Jones proteins (light chains) in suspected multiple myeloma.

Differentiating selective vs. non‑selective proteinuria in kidney disease.

Evaluating nephrotic syndrome and chronic renal disorders.

Monitoring response to therapy in plasma cell dyscrasias.

Often performed alongside serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) and immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) for confirmation.

Analyte: Protein fractions in urine.

Normal Pattern: Minimal protein excretion; no abnormal bands.

Abnormal Findings:

Monoclonal band (light chains): Suggests multiple myeloma or related plasma cell disorder.

Glomerular proteinuria: Albumin predominance.

Tubular proteinuria: Low‑molecular‑weight proteins.

Mixed proteinuria: Combination of albumin and globulins.

Clinical Use:

Provides a definitive assessment of urinary protein type and origin.

Helps guide diagnosis and monitoring of renal and hematologic disorders.

Supports nephrology and oncology evaluations.