Sputum cytology involves microscopic examination of sputum collected from the respiratory tract.

It helps identify malignant cells, inflammatory changes, and infectious organisms.

Clinical uses include:

Detecting lung cancer (especially central airway tumors).

Evaluating persistent cough, hemoptysis, or abnormal chest imaging.

Identifying respiratory infections (e.g., tuberculosis, fungal infections).

Monitoring patients with known pulmonary disease.

Often performed alongside bronchoscopy, chest imaging, and culture tests for a complete evaluation.

Analyte: Cellular components in sputum (epithelial cells, inflammatory cells, malignant cells).

Normal Result: No malignant cells; presence of normal respiratory epithelial cells.

Abnormal Findings:

Malignant cells: Suggestive of lung cancer.

Reactive/inflammatory cells: Seen in infections or chronic lung disease.

Organisms: May indicate tuberculosis, fungal, or bacterial infections.

Clinical Use:

Provides a non‑invasive diagnostic tool for lung cancer and respiratory disease.

Helps guide further diagnostic procedures and treatment planning.

Supports pulmonology, oncology, and infectious disease evaluations.