Total Count (TC): Measures the overall number of white blood cells (WBCs) in blood.

Differential Count (DC): Breaks down WBCs into subtypes: neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.

Clinical uses include:

Detecting infections (bacterial, viral, parasitic).

Identifying inflammatory or allergic conditions.

Supporting diagnosis of blood cancers (e.g., leukemia).

Monitoring immune system status and treatment response.

These tests are part of a Complete Blood Count (CBC) panel.

Analyte: White blood cell count and distribution.

Normal Ranges:

Total WBC Count: 4,000 – 11,000 cells/µL

Differential Count:

Neutrophils: 40–70%

Lymphocytes: 20–40%

Monocytes: 2–10%

Eosinophils: 1–6%

Basophils: <1%

Abnormal Results:

High TC: Suggests infection, inflammation, or leukemia.

Low TC: Suggests bone marrow suppression, viral infection, or autoimmune disease.

DC variations:

Neutrophilia → bacterial infection, stress.

Lymphocytosis → viral infection.

Eosinophilia → allergies, parasitic infection.

Monocytosis → chronic infection, inflammation.

Basophilia → rare, may indicate myeloproliferative disorder.

Clinical Use:

Provides insight into immune system activity.

Helps classify type of infection or disorder.

Guides further diagnostic testing and treatment.