Bilirubin is a yellow pigment formed during the breakdown of red blood cells.

It exists in two forms:

Indirect (unconjugated): Produced from hemoglobin breakdown, processed by the liver.

Direct (conjugated): Processed by the liver and excreted into bile.

The Total Bilirubin test measures both forms together.

Clinical uses include:

Detecting jaundice and determining its cause.

Assessing liver function in conditions like hepatitis, cirrhosis, or liver injury.

Identifying bile duct obstruction or gallstones.

Monitoring patients with hemolytic anemia or liver disease.

Analyte: Total bilirubin (direct + indirect) in blood serum.

Normal Range: ~0.3 – 1.2 mg/dL (varies slightly by lab).

Elevated Levels:

May indicate liver disease, bile duct obstruction, hemolysis, or inherited disorders (e.g., Gilbert’s syndrome).

Clinical Use:

Differentiates types of jaundice.

Evaluates liver and biliary tract function.

Guides further diagnostic imaging and treatment decisions.