Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhi, transmitted through contaminated food and water.

The IgM antibody indicates recent or acute infection, while IgG antibody suggests past exposure or infection.

Clinical uses include:

Detecting acute typhoid fever (IgM positive).

Identifying previous infection or immunity (IgG positive).

Supporting diagnosis when combined with clinical symptoms and other tests (e.g., blood culture, Widal test).

The test is performed using a blood sample and is useful in endemic regions.

Analyte: IgM and IgG antibodies against Salmonella typhi.

Result Interpretation:

IgM Positive: Suggests recent/active typhoid infection.

IgG Positive: Suggests past infection or exposure.

Both Positive: Indicates ongoing infection with prior exposure.

Both Negative: No evidence of typhoid infection (but early infection cannot be ruled out).

Clinical Use:

Confirms typhoid fever diagnosis.

Differentiates between acute and past infection.

Guides treatment decisions and epidemiological studies.