Urine routine analysis is one of the most common laboratory tests.

It provides information about hydration status, kidney function, urinary tract health, and systemic diseases.

Clinical uses include:

Screening for urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Detecting renal disease (proteinuria, hematuria, casts).

Identifying metabolic disorders (diabetes, ketosis).

Supporting diagnosis of liver disease, dehydration, and systemic illness.

Often performed as part of a general health check‑up or alongside other biochemical tests.

Physical Examination:

Color, clarity, odor, specific gravity, volume.

Chemical Examination:

pH, protein, glucose, ketones, bilirubin, urobilinogen, nitrites, blood.

Microscopic Examination:

Red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), epithelial cells, casts, crystals, bacteria, yeast.

Normal Result:

Clear, pale yellow urine with normal ranges for chemical and microscopic parameters.

Abnormal Findings:

Proteinuria, hematuria, glycosuria, ketonuria, pyuria, bacteriuria, abnormal crystals/casts → suggest renal, metabolic, or infectious disease.

Clinical Use:

Provides a comprehensive overview of urinary tract and systemic health.

Helps guide diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment planning.

Supports nephrology, urology, internal medicine, and general practice evaluations.